List of neomycetes ¶

Below, you will find a list of the 313 known neomycetes of Switzerland as well as 25 additional species expected to arrive in Switzerland in the near future. In total, the list comprises 338 species, of which 45 species are considered invasive according to current knowledge and 17 species are considered potentially invasive. The basis for this comprises the WSL report "Neomycetes in Switzerland" by Beenken and Senn-Irlet, which is continuously being updated since 2019 on behalf of the FOEN (Federal Office for the Environment). Such a list is never exhaustive, as new species are constantly appearing or the invasiveness of already established species can also change over time.

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• Abbreviations | Definitions

Abbreviations Lifestyle

Myk. = Mycorrhiza

Sap. = Saprotroph

Par. = Parasite

Abbreviations Status of establishment

• etab. = established;
  An alien species is established, if it exists in the wild without human intervention and reproduces regularly and thus does not rely on repeated introductions.

• subsp. = subspontaneous
  The species occurs only infrequently and does not reproduce regularly.
• persist. = persistent
  An alien species is persistent, if individuals survive in the wild, but without reproducing.

• n. etabl. = not established
  This category includes species, that are unlikely to become established in the wild, as for example certain greenhouse species. Some of them could perhaps also occur in the wild in the future, if climatic conditions change.

• persistent*
  subspontaneous*
  not established*
  Species that owe their respective Status of establishment only due to control measures are additionally marked with *. Without control measures, these species would become established (e.g. Phytophthora ramorum would be 'not established*'.)
• zu erw. = to be expected
  Species that are expected to occur and become established in Switzerland in the near future and whose spread could affect biodiversity and its sustainable use or threaten humans, animals or the environment.
• Landw./Haush. = exclusively in agriculture or households.
  This category includes species that are exclusively household or agricultural pests, such as corn smut (Ustilago maydis).

Explanation Invasiveness

NEO : Non-native species, currently not classified as invasive, no damage is to be expected

NLI : Non-native invasive species, damage must be assumed (potentially invasive)

NLS : Non-native invasive species, proven damage

NLT : Non-native invasive species, eradicated

NLX : Non-native invasive species in neighbouring countries

NLV : Alien species, prohibited according to Release Ordinance Annex 2 (SR 814.911 FrSV)

Definition EICAT

EICAT (Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa) is the IUCN Standard for the classification of the impact of alien species on the environment. It is a simple, objective and transparent method that classifies alien taxa into one of five impact categories («Minimal», «Minor», «Moderate», «Major» und «Massive»), according to the magnitude of the detrimental impacts to the environment. Species that have not been classified with EICAT are marked with "Not Evaluated" (Not Eval.). Species with insufficient literature for a classification, are marked "Data Deficient" (DD). For more information on EICAT, such as the definitions of "Impact Scores", see Blackburn et al. (2014).

Definition EPPO
The EPPO (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization) is an international organization for cooperation among European countries in the field of plant health.